Self-Deception An Analysis of Chapter Six in The Red Badge of Courage - Literature Essay Samples

In chapter six of Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courage, protagonist Henry Fleming flees from battle in a panic. When, in the next chapter, he hears that the remaining members of his regiment defeated the enemy without his assistance, he suddenly feels resentful. As is demonstrative of his self-deceiving ways, Henry avoids his latent feelings of shame and inadequacy by reassuring himself that their actions were foolish, as any sensible man would be chiefly motivated by self-preservation, and thus would run. In an effort to escape the chaos of fighting, Henry walks into the forest, engrossed by his thoughts. Amidst the comfort of nature, he throws a pinecone at a nearby squirrel, and it in turn scampers away. Henry interprets the squirrels reaction as proof of mans instinct to survive regardless of the circumstances. Soon afterward, he wanders into a chapel-like forest grove, within which he discovers the corpse of a soldier in a blue uniform. Henry stares at the body, his eyes unwi llingly fixed on the hideous site, and then stumbles out of the clearing in horror.As a whole, the instances of direct and indirect characterization in conjunction with metaphor and symbol allow the reader to gain insight into Henrys psyche and establish the overall significance of the chapter. By exploring the concepts of self-deception as a means of coping with an unfavorable reality and moreover the unfavorable reality itself that nature provides a final resting place for all people indifferently, heroic and cowardly alike Crane creates meaning for the reader.In a rather satirical manner, Crane uses diction to indirectly characterize Henry in the beginning of chapter seven. When Henry finds the time to analyze his actions after running away from the battle, Crane writes of him: [His] actions had been sagacious things. They had been full of strategy..2E[He was] the enlightened man who looks afar in the dark, had fled because of his superior perceptions and knowledge (Crane 82). Crane intends for the his depiction of Henry to be quite ironical, hence he employs three powerful, and even exaggerated words sagacious, strategy, and superior in the above passage. The terms sagacious and strategic (from strategy) connote superior discernment, foresight, and shrewdness, and superior, in turn, connotes extreme and utmost excellence. Overall, Henry justifies running away from battle by convincing himself of his supreme perceptions and knowledge; however, the reader is well aware that in actuality, Henry flees because he is inexperienced and in a panic.In addition, by likening Henry to the figurative enlightened man who looks afar in the dark, Crane once again achieves the opposite effect. This is evinced by another metaphor, from the second paragraph of the chapter, which reads: [Henry] lifted himself upon his toes and looked in the direction of the fight. A yellow fog law wallowing in on the treetops. The word yellow denotes not only the actual color Crane refers to, but also baseness and cowardice. Furthermore, Cranes kinesthetic image of the fog wallowing, or indolently rolling over the treetops adds to the feeling as the term also signifies a condition of degradation and lowness. Crane shows that when Henry physically stands up on his toes and peers into the horizon, the first image he sees is a yellow fog, which represents abject fear, obscuring the sky; therefore, he is unenlightened, the absolute opposite of the man who looks afar in the dark.With the help of Cranes indirect acknowledgement of Henrys cowardice, which contradicts the outward grandiosity and egotism of the young soldier, the reader can deduce that perhaps Henrys apparent arrogance is truly a manifestation of his deep-seated feelings of incompetence and disgrace. Likewise, Henry merely deceives himself in avoidance of his true, unheroic self2EHenry uses self-deceit yet again in a latter part of the chapter. As he enters the forest, instead of perceiving all of nature, he perverts the squirrels reaction to the pinecone in another effort to justify his actions. Crane writes: The youth felt triumphant at this exhibition. There was a law, he said. Nature had given him a sign (Crane 87). Henrys distorted interpretation of the squirrels actions as a law and a sign in order to alleviate his subconscious shame and subsequently restore his pride demonstrates the subjectivity and invalidity of his ideals and emotions.After convincing himself that intrinsic laws govern humanity, Henry abruptly stumbles upon a corpse:The corpse was dressed in a uniform that had once been blue, but was now faded to a melancholy shade of green Over the gray skin of the face ran little ants. One was trundling some sort of bundle along the upper lipthe dead man and the living man exchanged a long look. (Crane 88)As Crane writes, the corpses uniform has faded from blue, like that of Henrys uniform, to a melancholy shade of green. Not only is the term melancholy, which connotes dull ness and glumness, but also the actual color of the uniform significant. The reader assumes that a blue uniform would fade into a light blue or gray tone, yet the dead soldiers uniform is a dusty green color. Perhaps Crane intends for the unusual color of the uniform to act as merely one facet of the portrayal of unity of life and death present in the above passage. Specifically, the uniform, which is the color of life and nature, envelops the dead man like an ivy or moss growth, camouflaging him into the scenery. Moreover, energetic little ants crawl and drag food the sustainment of life over the mans decomposing face, once again evincing the concept of life continuing over death and the converse.Blending into the scenery in an almost unrecognizable uniform, the dead soldier does not expose much about himself; he just is. Crane uses the symbolic soldier to demonstrate not only that death becomes an undistinguishable and insignificant part of the big picture of nature and life, bu t also that nature accepts all dead creatures, regardless of how cowardly or courageous they may be. The soldiers anonymity further reinforces this idea, as the reader is unable to draw any conclusions regarding the corpses character. Finally, by identifying with the dead soldier through eye contact and sharing the same type of uniform, Henry begins to visualize himself in the corpses position. When he physically sees eye-to-eye with the dead man (The dead man), Crane figuratively suggests that the meeting has forced him to reevaluate himself and his motivations in life (88).As aforesaid, Cranes use of indirect and direct characterization, metaphor, and symbol allow the reader to penetrate and expose Henrys soul and gain meaning from the text. Overall, chapter 7 marks an important turning point for the maturation of Henry Fleming. Whereas before the young soldier was chiefly concerned with the superficial belief that humans should be measured by heroism or cowardice, the events of t his chapter, specifically Henrys encounter with the corpse, prompt an epiphany within him. The reader is finally able to gather that within the chapter, Henry is ultimately forced to abandon his preconceived notions of honor and dishonor and realize that when death comes, nature accommodates everyone impartially, thus courage and cowardice are absolutely insignificant.

How to Tell a True War Story vs. Soldiers Home Essay

Many authors have written war stories and about the effects of war on a person. Two of these writers are Tim OBrian and Ernest Hemingway. OBrian wrote How to Tell a True War Story; and Hemingway wrote a short story called Soldiers Home. Both of these stories illustrate to the reader just what war can do to an average person and what, during war, made the person change. The stories are alike in many respects due to the fact that both authors served time in the army; OBrian in the Vietnam War and Hemingway in WWI. However, the stories do have differences due to the slightly different themes and also the different writing techniques of the authors. The stories are alike more than different because they both involve young men†¦show more content†¦However, there are noticeable differences the reader can observe when comparing the two stories. The most prevalent difference is a consequence of the writers choosing to focus on different aspects of a soldier. Hemingway uses K rebs to show what a dramatic effect war can have on someone. He focuses on what war can do to a person; while OBrian tends to use graphic details and explanations of what would turn a man into the veteran Krebs. A great example of this is the title itself of Hemingways story. Soldiers Home is representative of the home in which Krebs comes back to and what it is like after his return. OBrian, however, uses gory stories like the one about the V.C. water buffalo to describe how the men felt during war and what impact the event had on the active soldiers. His idea is more of telling a war story, and also has a fitting title; How to Tell a True War Story. One might say that OBrian focuses more on telling what happens during war and Hemingways story is about how the events impact the soldiers once they assimilate back into society. Overall, these are two great stories that give the reader a better idea of what war can and most likely will do to a person. Although there are differences, the similarities areShow MoreRelatedEssay about Profession of Arms11066 Words   |  45 PagesArms, Its Culture, and Ethic The overall objective of the Army Profession of Arms campaign is for Soldiers and leaders to refine their understanding of what it means to be professionals--expert members of the Profession of Arms--after nine years of war and to recommit to a culture of service and the responsibilities and behaviors of our profession as articulated in the Army Ethic. GEN Martin E. Dempsey, CG, TRADOC The preeminent military task, and what separates [the military profession] fromRead MoreEssay on All Quiet On The Western Front6523 Words   |  27 Pagesfriends, Tjaden and Muller, eat another helping; he wonders where Tjaden puts all the food, for he is as thin as a rail. Baumer is only nineteen years of age. He enlisted in the German infantry because Kantorek, his high school teacher, had glorified war and talked him into fighting for the fatherland. Kropp, Behm, and Leer, former classmates of Baumer, were also persuaded by Kantorek to join the infantry. They are all now fellow soldiers along with Tjaden, Westhus, Detering, and Katczinsky. AfterRead MoreSSD2 Module 4 Notes Essay28478 Words   |  114 PagesCompetency Culture Culture is the pattern of action and the ways of perceiving, feeling, and thinking acquired growing up in a particular group of people Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the attitude held by the members of a culture that theirs is the only true, right, and best way to view and act in the world. Cultural relativism Cultural relativism is the idea that human behavior, ideas, and emotions must be understood in the context of the whole culture in which they occur. Culture shock Culture shockRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experience

Sectionalism In The 19th Century - 1318 Words

During the Age of Jackson, America was still trying to find it’s definite identity. America was making progress, but they were not where they wanted to be yet. The sense of optimism and ongoing expansion during the early 19th century that helped to bring America together for a period both contributed to a time of happiness and breakthroughs in which America is trying to be defined as a happy and thriving nation. The rise of democracy coupled with the the gradual political process, both magnify the degree to which America was still trying to find themselves politically. The rise of sectionalism and decline of nationalism point to the once wavering aura of togetherness and separateness and now complete dominance of sectionalism. These†¦show more content†¦All of these things being said, nationalism is the result of these changes and feel-good moments. Togetherness separates America from the rest of the world during the Era of Good Feelings to help portray America as a n ew thriving nation moving up. America wasn’t the only nation â€Å"thriving†. The Industrial Revolution in Europe (1750s--1840s) make the booming nations in Europe. Yet, America thrives at the expense of being a very young nation that’s gaining steam and doing it together. The steamboat linked with the canal system helped to bring about hope and optimism and elevate America into the world spotlight and helped a gradual transition from being a weak and non-self-reliant nation. In addition to expansion, a Jacksonian democracy with protective trade strategies played a big part in ensuring uniqueness in America. In the U.S. in the early 1800s, people who voted were white men, landowning, and quite wealthy--all stemming from Jeffersonian democracy. Jackson being a common man himself changed the idea of what the regular voter looks like. He allowed non-elitist, non-land-owning white men to vote. But at the same time, he knew what that would look like in the national and international spotlight. Jackson didn’t search for uniqueness in male suffrage, but in a way he did. He allowed male voting rights not trying to look unique on the international level, but he knew a change needed to be made in who got to vote despite looking different from mostShow MoreRelatedForces Between Nationalism and Sectionalism in the 19th Century2181 Words   |  9 Pagesand Sectionalism? During the course of American History, and especially after the War for Independence, Nationalism and Sectionalism contributed and interacted with each other to shape the development of the United States of America. These two ideologies are the inverse of one another. When sectionalism is strong, nationalism is weak. When Nationalism is strong, sectionalism is weak. While sectionalism and nationalism work off of each other, nationalism has always prevailed over sectionalism in historyRead MoreDBQ Questions781 Words   |  4 Pages1787-1857. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Westward Movement Describe the westward movement during the first hall of the 19th century as a political issue as well as a social issue in regard to social class, gender issues, and slavery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Read MoreWhy Is the â€Å"Era of Goof Feelings† a Misnomer? Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, the perception of unity that this era defines is somewhat misleading. Throughout this period, there were various problems that contradicted the era’s name. 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They maintain that only 7 (10%) of all the wars (and the same percentage of 20th century wars) had clear religious motivation, and most had no detectable religious motivation at all. The counter argument is that flies in the face of historical fact: for every year of peace in humankinds history there have been fourteen years of war,Read MoreCauses Of The Missouri Compromise Of 1820814 Words   |  4 PagesJamestown, Virginia, in 1619 to increase the production of crops such as tobacco. Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, African-American slaves helped build the economic foundations of the new nation. â€Å"America’s explosive growth–and its expansion westward in the first half of the 19th century–would provide a larger stage for the growing conflict over slavery in America and its future lim itation or expansion. 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Invention of cotton solidified the belief that more workers were needed to work in the farm and ginnery. By middle of 19th century, the Americans westward expansion movement and the ever present abolition movement practiced in the north, provoked a slavery debate, which in turnRead MoreThe Impact Of Westward Expansion On The United States1571 Words   |  7 Pagesabout tension that plagued the nation for years to come. Some historians may construe westward expansion as beneficial to the United States, arguing that it reduced tensions within the nascent nation. Westward migration was glorified in the early 19th century as the way in which to achieve true freedom. The West was associated with economic opportunity and basic Republican ideals. Streams of individuals seeking prosperity and liberty flooded into the west after the Louisiana Purchase. With the rapid

China And The Siberian Tiger - 1175 Words

China is located between Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean. With China, being located between these two areas there is a tug of war that takes place between the air masses of these areas. The Siberia creates a dry cold air that flows in the northern region of the country with tropical air from Pacific flows through the south, which brings moist air. During spring and summer the monsoons season comes in. With China having such a diverse climate and terrain, China has a wide range of an ecosystem. They have an amazing variety of animals and plants. Many of these animal and plants are rare and exceptional. Although with the human population growth, increase agriculture, industrial, and urban development the landscape has changed a lot.†¦show more content†¦This caused a century of self-examination between the educated and the acceptance of the different government system. The Chinese government tried to create a strong society but end return it has led to the Great Proletar ian Cultural Revolution. This revolution relied on mass deployment to destroy anything identified as out-of-date and to hunt out those whose attitudes and backgrounds deemed a hindrance to the creation of the new society. Many Chinese who mobilized in their adolescence as Red Guards have expressed their guilt and disgrace at having followed Mao Zedong’s words â€Å"to rebel is justified†. The founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949, were predominantly ruthless in order to demonstrate their revolutionary commitment and dedication to the Chairman Mao. Officially, the People’s Republic of China recognizes 56 ethnic groups. The efforts to categorize ethnic minorities began after 1949. More than 400 separate groups identified on the foundation of different language, culture, and heritage. Since there is 1.1 billion people, Han Chinese establish the dominant majority, accounting for 92% of China’s population. Ethnic minorities remained excused from the state’s one child per family policy, although running muck with local authorities can have an outcome of loss of this privilege. The official language is Mandarin and spoken by the People’s Republic of China and

Twelve Angry Men - 1296 Words

Time: 1957 Place: New York City Courtroom Case: An African-American teenager has been accused of murdering his father. On April 14th, 1951, Reginald Rose, a thirty-one-year-old army veteran published his second, and most prominent dramatic work entitled Twelve Angry Men. This play is now admired as a momentous, eloquent and critical examination of the United States jury system. Twelve Angry Men examines key courtroom themes including civil duty and reasonable doubt. Through the voice of these twelve men, the audience must ask themselves imperative questions regarding the American court system, moral responsibility and the role of emotions in a verdict. The selection of jurors is indeed a very complicated process.†¦show more content†¦After this introductory clash of morals and ideals, the jurors must now review the case and reach a unanimous verdict. This play, and a substantial amount of literature and research, demonstrates that the American system of jurisprudence is imperfect. â€Å"Twelve men are put in a hot, crowded room and asked to decide the fate of an accused murderer. In doing so they also return a verdict on the system itself† (â€Å"12 Best†) Despite attempts to create fairness and balance, â€Å"a jury of your peers† means that emotion and personal prejudice are part of the process. In Twelve Angry Men, the effectiveness of the jury process is questionable. â€Å"It’s great that the play is†¦critical of the fact that the juror’s personal baggage is not checked at the door. Many critics argue that the jury system works against justice because a juryShow MoreRelatedThe Twelve Angry Men Juror 3 and Juror 8 Comparing Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesComparison essay comparing Juror 3 and Juror 8 What are some similarities between Jurors 3 and 8? What about differences? 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It is stated that if the young man is found guilty, he will be charged with a mandatory sentence of the death penalty. It is now up to the twelve men to determine if this young man should be sentenced to death. The twelve men then file into the jury room and sitRead MoreTwelve Angry Men1110 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Twelve Angry Men show that prejudice can obscure the truth? In the play Twelve Angry Men, Reginald Rose shows that prejudices can prevent jurors from seeing the truth. This is evident throughout the play as juror 10 blinded to the facts because prejudice clouds his judgement. However, besides prejudice, Rose also show personal bias, ignorance and a weak characteristic can take away jurors’ abilities to see the truth. For instance, juror 3’s bad relationship with his son in the past and juror7’sRead MoreTwelve Angry Men677 Words   |  3 PagesTwelve angry men essay ‘Twelve angry men’ shows that personal experience is the strongest factor influencing human decision-making processes.’ Discuss Twelve angry men by Reginald Rose is an intriguing play that explores the idea of personal experience affecting ones decision. Indeed Rose shows that decision-making is based on personal experiences. 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Twelve Angry Men is more than a play, it is a reminder of our social responsibility. Discuss. Twelve Angry Men is a legal drama, written by Reginald Rose during the heightened period of 1950s McCarthyism. The didactic play presents a cross section, examining 1950s America during a period of immense suspicion and uncertainty. Roses play reminds us of the importance of responsibility and integrity, emphasising qualities such as courage

Four Primary HRM Functions

Question: Describe about four primary HRM functions and Influencing people management activities in organization by the organizational structure and management style of managers. answer: Introduction: Human beings are the greatest asset of an organization; without them the organizational activities could not be completed. In order to achieve the high level of success, the organizations should manage the human resources of the organization in an effective way (Buller and McEvoy 2012). The primary functions of the human resource management (HRM) are recruitment, development, performance management, reward management, discipline management, administrative function management, employee wellbeing management etc. In this report, four primary functions of the HRM will be discussed and then the role of organizational structure and management style in the area of employee management will be discussed. Four primary HRM functions 1) Recruitment and selection: Recruiting people in an organization is a vital task of HRM. Both of the job specification and job description are important tools of this process. Job title, department and the date on which the employee is needed are the preliminary information required for the recruitment process. The recruitment can be done by selecting candidates either internally or externally (Renwick et al. 2013). Therefore, the process of selection should also be clear at the initial stage. The recruitment and selection procedure should be done in a structured way which can ensure the qualification and efficiency of the selected people for the desired job position (Alfes et al. 2013). 2) Training and development: After recruiting new employees, the HR department of an organization has the responsibility of developing them for the specific job positions. In order to do that both of the theoretical and practical training is required (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Some of the effective training methods are positioning and a) informing the employees about the responsibilities, b) developing required skills, c) resisting accidents by providing safety training, d) professional and technical education, e) supervisory training and executive education etc. Training has the focus on activities required for the current job positions and development deals with the supporting activities for enhancing the knowledge bases of the employees for performing better in the workplaces (Campbell et al. 2012). 3) Performance management: Performance management is a complicated function of the HRM of an organization. Performance management can be treated as a systematic approach through which the overall performance of an organization can be improvised by improving the performance of tee individual employees or working framework. It encompasses various activities like goal setting, progress review, collecting feed backs, providing coaching for improving performance, developing and maintaining reward programs etc. (Dries 2013). 4) Reward management: Motivating the employees is one of the most important tasks of the HRM activities. After providing the effective level of training and development process, the HR managers should stimulate them for better performance. In order to motivate the employees, the HR managers have to give them some rewards. Pay is the key of managing the human resources of an organization as people works for getting paid by the employers. Some extra payments or some kinds of other facilities as the term of rewards encourage the employees for performing better in their workplaces (Banfield and Kay 2012). HR managers should maintain equality and a justified approach for providing the rewards to the employees. Organizational structure and management style of the managers for managing the employees Only the management skills are not enough to manage the employees of an organization in an open way. Organizational structure has a major influence on the style of management and the working strategy of the employees of an organization. The managers can choose one of the two basic management style; centralized management and decentralized management (Park and Shaw 2013). Selection of the management style depends on the organization structure of the organization. If the managers follow the centralized approach for managing the people of the organization then the employees follow the decisions taken by the central managers. It is best with the simple organizational structures in some small business organizations or product companies. In the decentralized management style, the managers coordinate with the output of the activities with the experts without interfacing with the contents of the works. In this case, the managers are extremely analytical and have the focus on the area of impr ovement of the process by discussing with the experts about the logistic and other working conditions. This management style is the best in the corporate sector with a high level of professional accuracy (Nyberg et al. 2014). It is important to consider the condition of the market and the whole industry while selecting a management style for an organization. Sometimes conflicts occur between the overall management style of the organization and the individual management skills of the managers. The managers should apply their skills which fit to the management style following by the organization (Neubert et al. 2014). Failure of the people management can occur in any circumstances if the management skill of the managers does not fit with the organizational structure. They have to identify their different management skills for taking right decision depending on the management style of the organization (Csaszar 2012). This will ensure the most effective way for managing the employees. In order to achieve a high level of success, an organization should have a good fit between the organizational structure and the management style. The organizations having the highest fit between these two factors have the quality of achieving maximum productivity through synchronized quality effort of their employees. This right fit gives the ability of developing a happy workforce. The employees respect the managers with good management skills. This refers to the style of the management, reward management etc. Conclusion and Recommendations: HRM is the systemic approach for controlling the network of all fundamental activities and members of an organization. The basic functions of the HRM should be performed with the high level of care by the HR department of an organization. These activities should ensure the choice of appropriate people for a job position, proper development of the people, effective performance management and motivating the people for better performances. The management style of the managers have to be properly fit with the organizational structure and management style for the effective management of the people who are working in the organization. Bibliography: Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The international journal of human resource management, 24(2), pp.330-351. Banfield, P. and Kay, R., 2012. Introduction to human resource management. Oxford University Press. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review, 22(1), pp.43-56. Campbell, B.A., Coff, R. and Kryscynski, D., 2012. Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital. Academy of Management Review, 37(3), pp.376-395. Csaszar, F.A., 2012. Organizational structure as a determinant of performance: Evidence from mutual funds. Strategic Management Journal,33(6), pp.611-632. Dries, N., 2013. The psychology of talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), pp.272-285. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 39(2), pp.366-391. Neubert, M.J., Hunter, E.M. and Tolentino, R., 2014, January. The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Structure on Employee and Patient Outcomes. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 17320). Academy of Management. Nyberg, A.J., Moliterno, T.P., Hale, D. and Lepak, D.P., 2014. Resource-based perspectives on unit-level human capital a review and integration. Journal of Management, 40(1), pp.316-346. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), p.268. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: a review and research agenda*. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), pp.1-14. Vaiman, V., Scullion, H. and Collings, D., 2012. Talent management decision making. Management Decision, 50(5), pp.925-941.

CopyofTheEssayMachine free essay sample

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